Carbon neutrality means that an enterprise or an organization reduces or offsets its own carbon emissions through energy conservation and carbon reduction, afforestation or other natural or man-made ways within a certain period of time (the measurement period is usually one year). Net-zero emissions refers to the balance between GHG emissions and removals. In addition to CO2, this includes other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). To reverse the climate crisis, it is not enough to rely on carbon reduction alone, all the GHG emissions have to be reduced and the carbon-negative technologies also need to be accelerated. For TSC, key long-term strategies for achieving negative carbon emissions in the future include forest carbon fixation, soil carbon fixation, and research and development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies.

　　With the long-term accumulation of bio-refining technology, TSC continues to invest in research on various biomass materials and actively develops related commercial applications derived. By combining sugar production, pig farming, biogas, green energy, and organic fertilizers, the circular economy in agriculture and livestock industries is promoted. The goal is to turn it into a green and sustainable circulation industry with zero waste and zero pollution.

　　We actively cooperate with the government’s promotion of the “Carbon Sinks” among the 12 Key Strategies for 2050 Net-Zero Emission Transition and also follow the three axes of the agriculture net-zero emission strategy, namely “reduction,” “enhancement of carbon sink,” and "circulation.” Relevant strategies are gradually imported into the sugarcane planting process so as to move toward the goal of net-zero emission, which include:

1. Evaluation and analysis of CO2 sequestration potential during the sugarcane growth period.
2. Evaluation and analysis of the soil organic matters and carbon sink of soil after using bagasse and filter sludge as the decompaction materials in the sugarcane field.
3. Widely plant green manure crops during the fallow period of the sugarcane field to increase the organic matter and soil carbon sink of soil.
4. Widen the area of sugarcane ratoons to reduce the frequency of plowing.
5. Cooperate with the reasonable application of fertilizers and introduce livestock biogas slurry to replace some chemical fertilizers for the reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions.
6. Replace petrochemical diesel with renewable diesel(Note) to reduce carbon emissions from agricultural machinery and truck transportation.
7. Replace the existing bagasse direct-fired boilers with gasification burners to increase energy efficiency, and the biochar is returned to the field to increase the carbon sink of the sugarcane soil.

Note: Types of renewable diesel

　　Sugarcane is a C4 crop(Note) with an extremely large biomass unit yield on earth. It has high-efficient carbon sequestration capacity, having significant contributions to mitigate the greenhouse effect. In addition to producing sugar from sugarcane, TSC further makes use of the by-products such as bagasse, molasses, and filter mud. The bagasse, after being crushed, is planned to be made into RDF-5 fuel rods in the future to be burned in a gasifier to provide energy. Relevant research is still on going. Bagasse can also be provided to mushroom farmers for reuse. When mixed with thinning wood chips from flat land afforestation, bagasse can be used to make mushroom grow bags with mushroom cultivation substrates. The biomaterials in the discarded mushroom bags can be mixed with kitchen waste, biogas slurry, sugar filter sludge and molasses and composted to produce organic fertilizer and soil improver of the farmland.

Note: Plants undergo photosynthesis, utilizing sunlight to convert carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil into carbohydrates. There are generally three types of known photosynthesis in plants: C3, C4, and CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism). Over 90% of plants on Earth are C3 plants, such as rice, wheat, soybeans, and potatoes. These plants produce a three-carbon compound as the initial product after absorbing carbon dioxide. In contrast, C4 plants, such as corn, sugarcane, sorghum, and Bermuda grass, produce a four-carbon compound as the initial product. C4 plants possess an enzyme called phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP carboxylase), which enables efficient capture and utilization of carbon dioxide within the plant, facilitating faster carbon dioxide transfer and reducing water loss during transpiration. Consequently, C4 plants exhibit higher photosynthetic efficiency and more efficient water usage compared to C3 plants. Research indicates that C4 plants require only one-third of the water consumed by C3 plants.